7.1
How Does Glucose Oxidation Release
Chemical Energy? 139
Cells trap free energy while metabolizing
glucose 139
An overview: Harvesting energy from
glucose 140
Redox reactions transfer electrons
and energy 140
The coenzyme NAD is a key electron
carrier in redox reactions 141
7.2 What
Are the Aerobic Pathways of Glucose
Metabolism? 142
The energy-investing reactions of
glycolysis require ATP 142
The energy-harvesting reactions of
glycolysis yield NADH + H+ and ATP
144
Pyruvate oxidation links glycolysis
and the citric acid cycle 144
The citric acid cycle completes the
oxidation of glucose to CO2 145
The citric acid cycle is regulated
by concentrations of starting materials
147
7.3
How Is Energy Harvested from Glucose
in the Absence of Oxygen? 147
7.4
How Does the Oxidation of Glucose
Form ATP? 148
The electron transport chain shuttles
electrons and releases energy 149
Proton diffusion is coupled to ATP
synthesis 150
7.5
Why Does Cellular Respiration Yield
So Much More Energy Than Fermentation?
153
7.6 How Are Metabolic Pathways Interrelated
and Controlled? 154
Catabolism and anabolism involve interconversions
of biological monomers 154
Catabolism and anabolism are integrated
155
Metabolic pathways are regulated systems
155
