56.1
What Are the Compartments of the Global
Ecosystem? 1205
Oceans receive materials from the
land and atmosphere 1206
Water moves rapidly through lakes
and rivers 1206
The atmosphere regulates temperatures
close to Earth’s surface 1208
Land covers about one-fourth of Earth’s
surface 1208
56.2
How Does Energy Flow Through the Global
Ecosystem? 1209
Solar energy drives ecosystem processes
1209
Human activities modify flows of energy
1210
56.3 How Do Materials Cycle Through
the Global Ecosystem? 1211
Water transfers materials from one
compartment to another 1211
Fire is a major mover of elements
1212
The carbon cycle has been altered
by industrial activities 1213
Recent perturbations of the nitrogen
cycle have had adverse effects on
ecosystems 1216
The burning of fossil fuels affects
the sulfur cycle 1217
The global phosphorus cycle lacks
an atmospheric component 1218
Other biogeochemical cycles are also
important 1219
Biogeochemical cycles interact 1220
56.4 What
Services Do Ecosystems Provide? 1221
56.5 What
Options Exist to Manage Ecosystems
Sustainably? 1223
