53.1
What Questions Do Biologists Ask about
Behavior? 1141
53.2
How Do Genes and Environment Interact
to Shape Behavior? 1142
Experiments can distinguish between
genetic and environmental influences
on behavior 1142
Genetic control of behavior is adaptive
under many conditions 1144
Imprinting takes place at a specific
point in development 1145
Some behaviors result from intricate
interactions between inheritance and
learning 1145
Hormones influence behavior at genetically
determined times 1146
53.3
How Do Behavioral Responses to the
Environment Influence Fitness? 1147
Choosing where to live influences
survival and reproductive success
1147
Defending a territory has benefits
and costs 1148
Animals choose what foods to eat 1149
An animal’s choice of associates
influences its fitness 1152
Responses to the environment must
be timed appropriately 1152
Animals must find their way around
their environment 1154
53.4
How Do Animals Communicate with One
Another? 1156
Visual signals are rapid and versatile
1157
Chemical signals are durable 1157
Auditory signals communicate well
over a distance 1157
Tactile signals can communicate complex
messages 1157
Electric signals can convey messages
in murky water 1157
53.5
Why Do Animal Societies Evolve? 1158
Group living confers benefits but
also imposes costs 1158
Parental care can evolve into more
complex social systems 1159
Altruism can evolve by contributing
to an animal’s inclusive fitness
1159
53.6
How Does Behavior Influence Populations
and Communities? 1161
Habitat and food selection influence
the distributions of organisms 1161
Territoriality influences community
structure 1161
Social animals may achieve great population
densities 1161
