Part
Seven - Flowering Plants: Form and Function 743
38.
Reproduction in Flowering Plants 818
38.1
How Do Angiosperms Reproduce Sexually?
819
The flower is an angiosperm’s
structure for sexual reproduction
820
Flowering plants have microscopic
gametophytes 821
Pollination enables fertilization
in the absence of water 821
Some flowering plants practice “mate
selection” 822
A pollen tube delivers sperm cells
to the embryo sac 822
Angiosperms perform double fertilization
822
Embryos develop within seeds 823
Some fruits assist in seed dispersal
824
38.2
What Determines the Transition from
the Vegetative to the Flowering State?
825
Apical meristems can become inflorescence
meristems 825
A cascade of gene expression leads
to flowering 825
Photoperiodic cues can initiate flowering
826
Plants vary in their responses to
different photoperiodic cues 826
The length of the night is the key
photoperiodic cue determining flowering
827
Circadian rhythms are maintained by
a biological clock 828
Photoreceptors set the biological
clock 829
The flowering stimulus originates
in a leaf 829
In some plants flowering requires
a period of low temperature 831
38.3 How
Do Angiosperms Reproduce Asexually?
832
Many forms of asexual reproduction
exist 832
Vegetative reproduction has a disadvantage
833
Vegetative reproduction is important
in agriculture 833
