Part
Five -The Patterns and Processes of Evolution 463
24.
The Evolution of Genes and Genomes 524
24.1
What Can Genomes Reveal about Evolution?
525
Evolution of genomes results in biological
diversity 525
Genes and proteins are compared through
sequence alignment 526
Models of sequence evolution are used
to calculate evolutionary divergence
527
Experimental studies examine molecular
evolution directly 527 24.2
What Are the Mechanisms of Molecular
Evolution? 530
Much of evolution is neutral 531
Positive and stabilizing selection
can be detected in the genome 532
Genome size and organization also
evolve 533
New functions can arise by gene duplication
534
Some gene families evolve through
concerted evolution 535 24.3
What Are Some Applications of Molecular
Evolution? 536
Molecular sequence data are used to
determine the evolutionary history
of genes 537
Gene evolution is used to study protein
function 538
In vitro evolution produces new molecules
538
Molecular evolution is used to study
and combat diseases 538
