1. The Nature of Statistics
Case Study: Does Friday the 13th Change Human Behavior?
1.1 Data Stories: The People Behind the Numbers
1.2 An Introduction to Statistics
1.3 Gathering Data
2. Describing Data Using Graphs and Tables
Case Study: The Caesar Cipher
2.1 Graphs and Tables for Categorical Data
2.2 Graphs and Tables for Quantitative Data
2.3 Further Graphs and Tables for Quantitative Data
2.4 Graphical Misrepresentations of Data
3. Describing Data Numerically
Case Study: Can the Financial Experts Beat the Darts?
3.1 Measures of Center
3.2 Measures of Variability
3.3 Working with Grouped Data
3.4 Measures of Position
3.5 Chebyshev’s Rule and the Empirical Rule
3.6 Robust Measures
4. Describing the Relationship Between Two Variables
Case Study: Female Literacy and Fertility Worldwide
4.1 Tables and Graphs for the Relationship Between Two
Variables
4.2 Introduction to Correlation
4.3 Introduction to Regression
4.4 Further Topics in Regression Analysis
5. Probability
Case Study: The ELISA Test for the Presence of HIV
5.1 Introducing Probability
5.2 Combining Events
5.3 Conditional Probability
5.4 Counting Methods
6. Random Variables and the Normal Distribution
Case Study: Be Careful What You Assume: Major League Baseball
Salaries
6.1 Discrete Random Variables
6.2 Binomial Probability Distribution
6.3 Continuous Random Variables and the Normal Probability
Distribution
6.4 Standard Normal Distribution
6.5 Applications of the Normal Distribution
7. Sampling Distributions
Case Study: Trial of the Pyx: How Much Gold Is in Your Gold
Coins?
7.1 Introduction to Sampling Distributions
7.2 Central Limit Theorem for Means
7.3 Central Limit Theorem for Proportions
8. Confidence Intervals
Case Study: Analyzing Stock Performance on the New York Stock
Exchange
8.1 Z Interval for the Mean
8.2 t Interval for the Mean
8.3 Z Interval for a Population Proportion
8.4 Confidence Intervals for the Population Variance and Standard Deviation
9. Hypothesis Testing
Case Study: The Golden Ratio
9.1 Introduction to Hypothesis Testing
9.2 Z Test for the Population Mean : p-Value Method
9.3 Z Test for the Population Mean : Critical-Value Method
9.4 t Test for the Population Mean
9.5 Z Test for the Population Proportion p
9.6 Chi-Square Test for the Population Standard Deviation
10. Two-Sample Inference
Case Study: Do Prior Student Evaluations Influence Students’ Ratings of Professors?
10.1 Inference for Mean Difference—Dependent Samples
10.2 Inference for Two Independent Means
10.3 Inference for Two Independent Proportions
11. Further Inference Methods
Case Study: Professors on Facebook
11.1 x² Goodness of Fit Test
11.2 x² Tests for Independence and for Homogeneity of Proportions
11.3 Analysis of Variance
11.4 Inference in Regression
Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Chapter Quizzes
Tables Appendix
Table A: Random numbers
Table B: Binomial distribution
Table C: Standard normal distribution
Table D: t-Distribution
Table E: Chi-square ( x² ) distribution
Table F: F-Distribution critical values
Notes and Data Sources