Preface
FIRST-DAY INSTRUCTIONS
Welcome to the Chemistry Lab
Introduction
Experiment 1
Scientific Measurements
Experiment 2
Mass and Volume Relationships
Experiment 3
Forensic Chemistry: Crime Scene Investigation
Experiment 4
Observing the Reactions of Household Chemicals
Deductive Chemical Reasoning
Experiment 5
A Cycle of Copper Reactions
Experiment 6
Synthesis of a Chemical Compound: Making Alum from Aluminum
Experiment 7
The Chemistry of Oxygen: Basic and Acidic Oxides and the Periodic Table
Experiment 8
Determination of a Chemical Formula
The Reaction of Iodine with Zinc
Experiment 9
Determination of a Chemical Formula by Titration
The Reaction of Calcium with Water
STUDY ASSIGNMENT A
The Language of Chemistry: Chemical Nomenclature
Experiment 10
The Estimation of Avogadro’s Number
Experiment 11
The Molar Volume of Dioxygen and Other Gases
Experiment 12
The Molar Mass of a Gas
A Reduced Scale Method
Experiment 13
The Reactivity of Metals with Hydrochloric Acid
Experiment 14
The Heat Capacity of Metals
Experiment 15
Enthalpy Changes in Chemical Reactions
Hess’s Law
Experiment 16
The Enthalpy of Combustion of a Vegetable Oil
Experiment 17
Emission Spectra and the Electronic Structure of Atoms
The Hydrogen Atom Spectrum
Experiment 18
Ionic and Covalent Bonding
Conductivity of Solutions of Ionic and Covalent
Compounds
STUDY ASSIGNMENT B
Writing Lewis Structures
Experiment 19
Models of Molecular Shapes
VSEPR Theory and Orbital Hybridization
Experiment 20
Intermolecular Forces
Slime Gel: Making and Killing Slime
Experiment 21
Liquids and Solids
The Vapor Pressure and Enthalpy of Vaporization of Water
The Enthalpy of Fusion of Water
Experiment 22
Colligative Properties
The Molar Mass of a Soluble Substance by Freezing-Point Depression
Experiment 23
Some Examples of Chemical Equilibria
Le Châtelier’s Principle
Experiment 24
Determination of an Equilibrium Constant by Spectrophotometry
The Iron(III)–Thiocyanate Complex Ion
Experiment 25
Factors Affecting the Rates of Chemical Reactions
Experiment 26
The Rate of a Chemical Reaction
Chemical Kinetics
Experiment 27
The pH Scale and Acid–Base Titrations
Standardization of NaOH Solution
The Titration of Vinegar and Stomach Antacids
Experiment 28
Determination of the Molar Mass and Ionization Constant of a Weak Acid
Experiment 29
What’s in Your Drinking Water? Comparing Tap
Water and Bottled Water
Experiment 30
The Solubility Product Constant of Calcium Iodate, Ca(IO3)2
Experiment 31
Identification of the Alkaline Earth and Alkali Metal Ions
Analysis of Cations in Seawater
Experiment 32
The Qualitative Analysis of Some
Common Anions
Analysis of Anions in Seawater
Experiment 33
An Introduction to Green Chemistry: Making
Biodiesel and Soap from Vegetable Oils and Fats
Experiment 34
Oxidation–Reduction
Electron Transfer Reactions
Experiment 35
Redox Titrations
The Oxidizing Capacity of a Household Cleanser or Liquid Bleach
Experiment 36
Electrochemical Cells
Experiment 37
Electrochemical Puzzles
Metal Corrosion and Anodic Protection
The Golden Penny Experiment
Experiment 38
The Chemistry of Some Nonmetals
Experiment 39
Equilibria of Coordination Compounds
Experiment 40
Atmospheric Chemistry of Nitrogen Monoxide
Smog and Acid Rain
Experiment 41
Ozone in the Atmosphere: A Web-Based Lab Activity
Experiment 42
Ultraviolet Light, Sunscreens, and DNA
Experiment 43
Natural Radioactivity
The Half-Life of Potassium-40 in Potassium Chloride
APPENDIX: TABLES OF DATA
The International System (SI) of Units and Conversion Factors
Fundamental Physical and Mathematical Constants
Vapor Pressure of Water at Different Temperatures
Concentration of Desk Acid and Base Solutions
Color Changes and pH Intervals of
Some Important Indicators
Equilibrium Constants for the
Ionization of Acids and Bases (25 °C)
Equilibrium Constants for the
Dissociation of Complex Ions,
Amphoteric Hydroxides, and Weak Salts (25 °C)
Solubility of Some Common Salts and
Hydroxides at Approximately 25 °C
Solubility Product Constants (18–25 °C)
Standard Reduction Potentials (25 °C)
International Atomic Masses (Based on C12 = 12 Exactly)
Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry